?????????????????????????????·??????????????????????·????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????·??????·??·???????·????????????·???????·??????????·???????·???????·???????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Later, although upstarts like Munich or Berlin were nonetheless a twinkle in the attention in their founders, early medieval Cologne was the biggest metropolis north in the Alps, dominated by impressive archbishops and benefiting economically from its